Modafinil users report that the drug significantly increases focus and energy without the jitteriness of traditional stimulants. However, anecdotal reports and certain studies show that Modafinil can increase anxiety levels in some users.
Modafinil is an FDA-approved wakefulness drug used to treat narcolepsy and shift work sleep disorder. It also enhances cognitive function in sleep-deprived individuals.
Focus
Modafinil appears to enhance cognition by enhancing the effectiveness of central neurotransmitter systems involved in WM, attention, and cognitive control. This finding has led to the emergence of modafinil as an attractive candidate drug for treating several psychiatric conditions currently treated with stimulants, including various fatigue syndromes and treatment-resistant depression (Minzenberg and Carter, 2008; Turner et al, 2003).
Modafinil is known to increase DA, NE, 5-HT, and acetylcholine levels in the brain. In addition, it suppresses cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, especially that of CYP2C9, which modulates the actions of some neurotransmitters.
These findings have fueled interest in buy modafinil online australia as the first pharmaceutical nootropic, an agent that enhances cognition without influencing sleep or mood. Consequently, the ethical discussion around smart drugs has moved from speculation about extravagant effects to considering whether or not to approve or condemn an agent that enhances human performance.
Despite the lack of long-term safety data, many people report the benefits of modafinil use. For example, some professionals use modafinil to overcome jetlag or bad sleep and to prepare for challenging exam situations. Others take it regularly to work long hours or to stay alert and active during shift work.
Relaxation
Modafinil reduces oxidative stress by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes. This leads to a reduction in free radical production and a potentiation of its antioxidative effects on other cellular enzymes involved in free-radical scavenging such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. This positive feedback loop contributes to its wakening and euphoric effects.
In addition, adenosine, an endogenous sleep inducer, is reduced by modalert 200 online and this has been linked to the enhanced performance seen in some studies of working memory (Saletu et al, 2007). A study using fMRI also found that modafinil administration increases frontal cingulate activity in patients with medication-free narcolepsy who score well on the Pauli Test. The improved performance was associated with reduced the and d power in this brain area.
It is important to note that long-term indiscriminate modafinil use can have negative health consequences, including metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is advisable to discuss with a healthcare professional about the benefits and risks of taking Modafinil before beginning a course of treatment. This allows you to weigh the advantages of this medicine against your anxiety symptoms and ensure that you are properly dosed for the best results.
Mood
Research shows that modafinil improves performance on cognitive tasks in animals and healthy humans. Modafinil enhances working memory capacity in rats (Beracochea et al 2001) and enhances the rate of alternation during a sequential alternation task in mice (Pierard et al 2006). These effects are attributed to modafinil’s ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes like CYP2C9.
It’s also been shown that CYP2C9 inhibition by modafinil leads to increased serotonin levels, which can help control mood and anxiety disorders. Moreover, in a study with PTSD patients, modafinil improved their ability to recall traumatic memories and lowered their scores on the HAM-A scale and POMS questionnaire.
In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, low doses of modafinil improved the performances of sleep-deprived volunteers on two prefrontal dependent cognitive tasks that activate the amygdala and the anterior cingulate. BOLD fMRI data showed that modafinil reduced activity in the amygdala during a face recognition task and in the PFC and ACC during the variable attentional control (VAC) task, indicating an improvement of information processing in these regions richly innervated by catecholaminergic neurons.
Energy
Taking Modafinil to keep you awake is the first-choice treatment for narcolepsy, and it’s also popular among overworked executives and last-minute students cramming for exams. It’s a so-called “nootropic” drug that enhances memory and boosts concentration. It has minimal side effects compared to stimulants, but you should avoid using it for more than a few weeks at a time.
Modafinil reduces error rates in the Wisconsin Card Sort Test and interference in the Stroop task, demonstrating its ability to improve cognition under stress. However, it has been shown to increase anxiety in some users (especially those on high dosages) due to its stimulating effects. This effect is heightened by other factors, including individual sensitivity and pre-existing anxiety disorders.
Studies have suggested that modafinil may prevent stress-induced impairments of spatial working memory in mice by reducing adenosine levels in the basal forebrain (Buccafusco 2004). This is likely mediated by glucocorticoids, which are involved in the modulation of psychomotor performance and memory processes under various conditions of stress. Whether these mechanisms are also at play in humans remains to be explored.
Concentration
Modafinil can increase concentration and focus without the jittery side effects of stimulants like caffeine and amphetamine. This makes it ideal for those who need to stay focused and alert for long periods. It also helps with several stress-related conditions, such as shift-work sleep disorders and jet lag.
Unlike other wake-promoting agents, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate, modafinil does not affect extracellular dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex (Morris et al 1994). It has no reuptake inhibition of glutamate or NMDA receptors and does not alter the synthesis of the amino acid guanine. In contrast, it does promote wakefulness in orexin-deficient narcoleptic mice, increases Fos-immunoreactivity in orexin cells in the perifornical region, and increases power in the delta and ta EEG bands (Caldwell et al 2000).
Modafinil has been found to improve vigilance in subjects with narcolepsy and shift-work sleep disorder. It also has been shown to enhance performance on complex tasks requiring frontal lobe function, such as humor appreciation, and does so at a dose significantly less than that used for narcolepsy patients.